Patent data paints a compelling picture of the evolving landscape in quantum technology. From 2013 to 2022, China witnessed a surge in quantum computing patents, accounting for a staggering 56.5% of all domestic quantum-related patents granted. This explosive growth signifies China’s ambitious push to become a leader in this transformative field.

A report published by China’s National Intellectual Property Administration underscores this progress. It highlights a “historical leap” in their quantum technology development, propelling them from a lagging competitor to a frontrunner in both patent generation and domestic technology production. The report even goes as far as claiming China has achieved “quantum superiority” in recent years.

However, the global picture is nuanced. While the US still holds the edge in highly-cited quantum computing patents, China’s advancements are undeniable. Notably, China surpassed the US in total quantum patent applications despite entering the field later in terms of national planning efforts. They have also established a clear lead in quantum communication, evidenced by breakthroughs like the first quantum communication satellite launch.

The race isn’t one-sided. The US retains a lead in areas like quantum computing and quantum sensing (advanced motion-detection technology). However, China’s rapid progress is undeniable. Some analysts suggest the two countries are now “neck-and-neck,” with China potentially even outpacing the US in specific areas like superconducting research.

This rapid progress can be partially attributed to China’s accelerated development timeline. Despite a later start, their focused efforts have yielded impressive results. The report acknowledges the need for further optimization in their innovation environment, particularly regarding policy planning. Additionally, while China is publishing more research, their work on quantum sensing, a field with significant military potential, still lags behind the US. However, the Chinese paper acknowledges this gap and suggests a potential rise in quantum sensing patents.

International collaboration remains crucial for advancements in quantum technology. Despite recent restrictions on investment in China-linked technologies, the Chinese report emphasizes the need for “deepened and expanded” international cooperation, including collaboration with the US.

In conclusion, China’s rapid rise in quantum technology is undeniable. While the US maintains a lead in some areas, China’s advancements are narrowing the gap at an alarming rate. This intense competition promises to accelerate the development of quantum technologies worldwide, potentially leading to groundbreaking breakthroughs in the years to come.